国际收支平衡与滞涨有何关系?
为什么在stagflation期间balance of payment current account会增加?价格变高了,不是在出口上竞争力会下降吗?
问题来源:
2.3 Achieve full employment 充分就业
2.3.1 The rate of unemployment
2.3.2 Consequences of unemployment
2.3.3 Causes / Types of unemployment (⭐⭐)
2.3.4 Government employment policies
2.3.1 The rate of unemployment
× 100%
Flows into unemployment are:
• Redundancies & Lay-offs
• Voluntarily quitting a job
• School leavers without a job
• Others rejoining the workforce but having no job yet
Flows out of unemployment are:
• Finding jobs
• Laid-off workers being re-employed
• Unemployed people stopping the search for work
2.3.2 Consequences of unemployment
• Loss of output
• Loss of human capital
• Increasing inequalities in the distribution of income
加大收入差距
• Social costs (crime, theft)
• Increased burden of welfare payment
2.3.3 Causes / Types of unemployment
6 types of unemployment:(区分)
① Real wage unemployment 实际工资失业/隐性失业
② Frictional 摩擦性失业
③ Seasonal 季节性性失业
④ Structural 结构性失业
⑤ Technological 技术性失业
⑥ Cyclical 周期性失业
(1) Real wage unemployment 实际工资失业/隐性失业
This type of unemployment is caused when the supply of labour exceeds the demand for labour, but real wages do not fall for the labour market to clear. 劳动力供过于求,工资却不下降
ü Strong trade unions 强大的工会
ü Minimum wage rate 最低工资标准
Frictional 摩擦性失业
• Difficulty in matching quickly workers with jobs
• Individuals will be unemployed during the search period for a new job
• Frictional unemployment is temporary 短暂的
③ Seasonal 季节性性失业
This occurs in certain industries, for example building, tourism and farming, where the demand for labour fluctuates in seasonal patterns throughout the year.
④ Structural 结构性失业
This occurs where long-term changes occur in the conditions of an industry.
The primary cause is a significant reduction in the level of demand.
⑤ Technological 技术性失业
This is a form of structural unemployment, which occurs when new technologies are introduced.
(a) Old skills are no longer required
(b) Automation
⑥ Cyclical 周期性失业
• During recovery 复苏 and boom 繁荣 years, the demand for output and jobs is high, and unemployment is low.
• During decline and recession 萧条 years, the demand for output and jobs falls, and unemployment rises to a high level.
• Cyclical unemployment can be long term
双双老师敲黑板
失业类型是选择题高频考点,需要精准区分,总结如下:
Types |
Term |
Key words |
Real wage |
- |
• Trade unions • Minimum wage rate |
Frictional |
Short |
Difficulty in matching |
Seasonal |
Short |
Building, tourism and farming |
Structural |
Long |
Changes in the industry |
Technological |
Long |
New technologies |
Cyclical |
Long |
Business cycle |
李老师
2023-11-18 19:02:12 545人浏览
stagflation期间,物价会升高,出口是减少的。
您定位的位置,老师并没有讲到stagflation期间balance of payment current account增加相关问题,如有疑问,请定位准确位置。
每个努力学习的小天使都会有收获的,加油!相关答疑
-
2024-01-09
-
2023-12-18
-
2023-11-14